However, mutations in the K-Ras, B-Raf or PIK3CA genes, common in colorectal tumours, result in structural changes in the corresponding proteins, altered effector binding and permanent activation of downstream signalling pathways, independent of EGFR blockade (McCubrey et al, 2006; Scaltriti and Baselga, 2006). The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is colorectal neoplasm.