HNF4A and hepatocellular carcinoma: This conclusion is based on the following observations: 1) miR-181 expression was positively associated with β-catenin level in both HCC cell lines and mouse livers where β-catenin is augmented; 2) activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling directly induced miR-181 expression, while inhibition of Wnt pathway directly reduced miR-181 expression; 3) we found evidence of in vivo binding between the Tcf4/β-catenin complex and the TCF/LEF binding elements in the promoter region of miR-181a-2/miR-181b-2 transcript.