PLOD1 and ovarian carcinoma: As of now, there is only indirect evidence indicating a causal relationship of gonadotropic action and ovarian cancer development, such as a significant number of cancer cases presenting with LH receptor (LHR) expression and the increased cancer risk associated with elevated gonadotropins in serum or hypersecretion of LH [14]; the controversy still exists whether there is a direct effect of LH on ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) tumor growth, survival, and progression [2,6,10,15].