The lack of association between HIV infection, CD4 count and SCC risk in our study could also be explained by the fact that progression of CIN to ICC is multifactorial, and not dependent on immune status only [49], by the existence of slow progressors [50,51] or elite controllers [52,53] in some women, or by the possibility that HIV and CD4 count have no role in the progression of cervical cancer. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.