Based on the finding that MR-1 plays a role in promoting the proliferation and invasion in some types of human cancers [6,12], and following our successful identification of the association between human epididymis protein 4 and ovarian cancer [15], we designed this study to comprehensively investigate the association between MR-1 and ovarian cancer and the roles it may play in pathogenesis or disease progression. This evidence concerns the gene MR1 and cancer.