Herein, we did not further explore the well described anti-inflammatory effects of dexmedetomidine (beyond HMGB1 levels); however, dexmedetomidine reduces systemic levels of IL-6 and TNF-α following lipopolysaccharide infusion in rats [39] and following cardiac surgery [40] and sepsis in humans [42]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Sepsis.