However, the precise relationship between RANTES and FasL for HIV-suppression is not fully understood as enhanced expression of FasL in CTLs may also contribute to pathogenesis by accelerating the decline of Fas-expressing CD4+ or CD8+ cells [62],While our data suggest that this might be due in part to differences in immune cell localization following challenge, further studies are needed to assess whether DNA vaccination combined with RANTES adjuvanting leads to a shift in immune cell populations and viral load at sites of active infection. Here, CCL5 is linked to infection.