Our results show the renoprotective effects of RSV may contribute by its antioxidative and AMPK-up-regulating abilities and, to our interest, found that RSV significantly augmented inflammatory response in diabetic kidney by elevating several cytokines like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), despite its ameliorative effect on IL-1β cytokine level in DN. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and liver dysplastic nodule.