Infection of gnotobiotic mice deficient in MyD88, TRIF or TLR4 revealed for the first time in vivo that MyD88- and TRIF-dependent TLR4-recognition of bacterial LPS is essentially involved in the development of immunopathology during C. jejuni enteritis as indicated by lower numbers of apoptotic cells, neutrophils, T- and B-lymphocytes as well as Tregs found in the colon mucosa of the respective gene-deficient mice at day 12 p.i.. Here, TLR4 is linked to infection.