In melanoma cells, the activation of RIG-I or MDA5 by transfection of 3′-triphosphate RNA or poly I∶C, respectively, caused Noxa-induction and Noxa-dependent apoptosis without additional type 1 interferon signalling [40] while during MVA-infection this feedback, probably signalling through Stat-proteins, appears to be necessary. The gene discussed is IFIH1; the disease is infection.