Subsequent work has shown that the Noxa promoter is also regulated by a CreB binding site and an interferon-stimulated responsive element (ISRE) [26], and that Noxa is induced by IFN I. INFβ was clearly induced during MVA and MVAΔF1L infection (Supplementary Figure S8B), as was IL-18, a cytokine whose secretion is regulated through the inflammasome (Supplementary Figure S8C). Here, IL18 is linked to infection.