TNF and dengue disease: In the humanized mice we found high levels of IFN-γ by day 8 p.i., that could be related to the increased levels of TNF-α on days 6 and 8 p.i. Another Th1 cytokine is IL-2, a stimulator of cell grow and differentiation, which targets T and B cells, NK cells, macrophages and oligodendrocytes; it has been observed that levels of IL-2 along with other Th1 cytokines are elevated in dengue fever patients [29].