Since the identification of EVI1 over 20 years ago [1], the inappropriate expression of this gene has been associated with very aggressive hematopoietic cancers and especially with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) of patients in whom EVI1 is often activated following a chromosomal rearrangement at chromosome 3 band q26 [27]. The gene discussed is RUNX1; the disease is hematopoietic and lymphoid cell neoplasm.