The adjuvants (Figure S1A) were evaluated on the basis of their ability to enhance the production of antigen specific IFNγ relative to IL-10 in DNA immunized mice, as better protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis has been associated with a higher ratio of IFNγ to IL-10 [24] and disease exacerbation of L. (Viannia) has been related to IL-10 levels [38]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is cutaneous leishmaniasis.