NOD1 and epithelial neoplasm: Nevertheless, PaCSs with proteasome-rich particles and polyubiquitinated proteins, albeit in the absence of H. pylori products and NOD1, were also observed in various epithelial neoplasms arising in the digestive (pancreas, parotid, colon, and liver), respiratory (lung) and female genital tract (ovary, cervix) or even in endocrine glands (thyroid).