SLC18A2 and Parkinson disease: In this study, our aims were to further examine the effect of edaravone in chronic rotenone-induced parkinsonian rodent animals, and utilize the findings to further characterize the neuroprotective mechanisms of edaravone by accessing PD-associated risk factors including Bcl-2 family regulation, ROS generation, SNc ultrastructure, peripheral pathological changes, and VMAT2 expression level.