At baseline, anthropometric measurements (body mass index [BMI], triceps skinfold thickness [TSF], mid arm circumference [MAC] and midarm circumference calculated [MAMC]) and BIA-derived parameters of body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) correlated positively with serum leptin levels, in both unadjusted and adjusted (for age, DM status, dialysis vintage, and previous cardio-vascular disease) models. The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is diabetes mellitus.