(G-CSF): Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; (G-CSF-R): Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor; (JAK): Janus kinase; (ALS): Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; (BBB): blood-brain-barrier; (NCAM): neural cell adhesion molecule; (FGF): fibroblast growth factor, (EPO-R): Erythropoietin receptor; (M-CSF): Macrophage colony-stimulating factor; (IL-3): Interleukin-3. Here, NCAM1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.