APOE and diabetes mellitus: As compared with controls (Table 1), AD cases were older (78.2 vs. 71.4 years old), included more females (65% vs. 57%), had a lower education level (≤6 years: 51% vs. 10%), more smokers (22% vs. 15%), more DM (18% vs. 12%) and hypertension (39% vs. 49%) history, fewer with hyperlipidemia (18% vs. 29%), and more APOE e4 carriers (40% vs. 15%).