Since human TDP-43 was the major component of the UBIs found in the diseased cells of the central nervous system (CNS) of the ALS and the FTLD-U patients [11], we investigated whether dTDP played a role in the functioning of the Drosophila CNS, in particular the mushroom body supporting the olfactory learning of the fruit flies [25], [26]. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.