The human kidney plays also a major role in whole body protein metabolism and amino acid oxidation [76,77] as well as in the regulation of plasma levels of several hormones and peptide compounds (i.e., prostaglandins, thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone, insulin, growth hormone (GH), 1,25 dihydrocholecalciferon), whose concentrations and effects result therefore altered in renal failure. The gene discussed is GH1; the disease is kidney failure.