IL-32 has been shown to upregulate the C-X-C chemokine IL-8 [12], which is known to be expressed at high levels in the lungs during ALI and has potent ability to enhance recruitment of neutrophils, a cell population that plays a major role in mediating pulmonary injury during ALI, into the pulmonary parenchyma and airways [39-41]. Here, CXCL8 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.