Higher levels of exhaled IL-8 were found in smokers than in non-smokers both in NSCLC patients and in controls [38.3(30.6-44.2) vs 19.4 (10.3-30.1) pg/ml, p < 0.001 and 13.2 (13.5-23.4) vs 7.3 (4.1-13.4) pg/ml, p < 0.005] (Figure 3, panel B). Here, CXCL8 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.