OAS1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: The association between T1D and viral infections has been recently reinforced by genetic studies that have evidenced a linkage between T1D susceptibility and host genetic determinants of the antiviral responses such as the antiviral oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS1) and the interferon-induced helicase (IFIH1 or MDA5), which intervenes in innate immunity by recognition of RNA genomes of picornaviruses (such as coxsackie viruses) [99–101].