Adiponectin has received considerable attention in recent years because of its insulin-sensitizing and anti-atherogenic activity; indeed, several studies have indicated a gradual decrease in the circulating levels of this protein with increasing insulin resistance (Haluzík et al., 2004; Fisher et al., 2005; Kadowaki and Yamauchi, 2005; Kawano and Arora, 2009). The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is Insulin resistance.