High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) was originally identified as a nuclear nonhistone protein with DNA-binding domains and implicated as an important endogenous danger signaling molecule [3] as well as a late mediator of systemic inflammation in septic shock [4, 5], thus having a putative role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury [6, 7]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and injury.