In contrast, Vander Griendet al [11]proposed that the cancer-initiating cell may be an intermediate AR-expressing cellthat “acquires stem-like activity” and the heterogeneity of PCa isfurther highlighted by studies of mouse models: Wang et al [12] described a rare luminal stemcell population (expressing Nkx3-1) that can give rise to tumours whereas Lawson etal [13] found thatbasal epithelial stem cells were transformed more efficiently. The gene discussed is AR; the disease is neoplasm.