Incontrast, Fan et al [22] observed no significant difference in SHH or GLI1 mRNAlevels between tumour and zone matched benign tissue and, more significantly, thatGLI1 was expressed in the stromal, but not epithelial, component of BPH and PCa.Regarding the more advanced disease state, high levels of SHH protein and GLI1 mRNAhave been described in metastatic samples and DHH, GLI1 and GLI2 have been linkedwith transformation to a hormone-refractory state [21], [23], [24], [25]. Here, GLI1 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.