We found significantly lower plasmalevels of leptin in AD patients compared with the controls, whereas plasmalevels of adiponectin did not show any significant differences (AD vs.control (mean±SD): leptin:8.9±5.6 ng/mL vs.16.3±15.5ng/mL;P = 0.038; adiponectin:18.5±18.1μg/mL vs.16.7±8.9 μg/mL;P = 0.641).In contrast, circulating CD34+ cells were significantlyupregulated in AD patients (mean absolute cell count±SD:253±51vs. The gene discussed is CD34; the disease is Alzheimer disease.