CCN2 and breast carcinoma: Jiang et al. showed that, in addition to lower levels of CTGF in breast cancer tissues (122 cases) compared with normal tissues (32 cases), markedly reduced levels of CTGF in breast cancer patients are associated with poor prognosis, metastasis, local recurrence and mortality [44], whereas Xie et al. demonstrated that, compared with normal breast (7 cases), elevated levels of CTGF in primary breast cancer (44 cases) was observed [45].