Considering the broad spectrum of CREB target genes and their involvement in awide range of physiological processes [35], the defective CFTR-dependent CREB pathway and theresulting abnormal expression of its downstream targets may represent an importantmechanism underlying various CF-related diseases, and thus, a major therapeutictarget for the diseases, including male infertility. Here, CREB1 is linked to cystic fibrosis.