This upregulation of CD86 expression observed at 16 h post-infection at 0.3 PFU/MDDC dose was also coupled with the increase, compared with mock-infected MDDC, of the maturation markers CD80 (from 5.0% to 20.0%), CD83 (from 6.0% to 13.3%), and HLA-DR (from 129.8 MFI to 167.0 MFI) (data not shown). The gene discussed is CD83; the disease is infection.