In contrast, influenza viruses containing the RSEV orRSKV PBMs, which were speculated to exhibit barely detectable binding with PDlim2,have not been associated with large influenza outbreaks nor with high pathogenicity.However, in other studies, evidence has indicated that there were minor differencesbetween the ESEV, RSEV or truncated PBM NS1 proteins in the control of its nuclearmigration and mean lethal dose in infected cells [16]; the human C-terminal RSKVPBM was found to increase viral replication in human and ducks, while the avianC-terminal ESEV PBM increased virulence in mice [15]. This evidence concerns the gene IVNS1ABP and influenza.