In vivo, administration of PACAP reduces neuronal loss and neurological deficits in models of stroke and traumatic brain injury (Reglodi et al. 2002; Chen et al. 2006; Tamas et al. 2006b; Vaudry et al. 2009), excitotoxic striatal lesions (Tamas et al. 2006a) and Parkinson’s disease (Reglodi et al. 2004, 2006). The gene discussed is ADCYAP1; the disease is Parkinson disease.