Based on the finding of caspase-3 deficiency in MCF-7 cells, genistein exerted a significantly strong anti-tumor effect with the reconstitution of caspase-3, suggesting that a caspase-dependent pathway initiated by phytoestrogens to induce the apoptosis of breast cancer cells [66, Fig. 2-(15)]. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and neoplasm.