All these data rise the following questions for future investigations: (1) Whichtime-window of treatment may be suitable to mimic the clinical scenario; (2) Whichare the optimal antagonist doses being both efficient and tolerable; and (3) Willthe use of more selective P2 receptor antagonists e.g., for P2X7 receptors, have anyadvantages in comparison with the non-selective P2 receptor antagonist PPADS for thelong term treatment of ischemia. The gene discussed is P2RX7; the disease is ischemia.