While the underlying mechanisms linking non-HDL-C and risk of mortality from IHD and stroke need to elucidated, non-HDL-C concentration could be a marker of atherogenic and pathophysiologic effects of multiple apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins including LDL, VLDL, IDL, and lipoprotein (a). The gene discussed is APOB; the disease is myocardial ischemia.