The mechanisms contributing to hypothalamic obesity following surgery for craniopharyngioma, likely include one or both of the following: (i) damage to hypothalamic nuclei and neuronal circuits involved in appetite and body weight regulation and (ii) a primary defect of insulin hypersecretion due to hypothalamic damage-induced vagal efferent stimulation with increased weight gain and compensatory insulin resistance [7, 8]. Here, INS is linked to craniopharyngioma.