GSK3B and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: For example, a decrease in or the abnormality of proteins involved in the PI3K pathway, such as PI3K and Akt, might be associated with overactivation of GSK-3β in ALS, considering the many reports showing that a specific PI3K activator or materials with a PI3K-activating effect modify GSK-3β activity and reduce motoneuronal cell death [41–46].