Our data suggests the possibility that abnormal function of Tal-1 transcription factor, being in the centre of endothelial cell integrity preserving regulatory cascade of TGF-β and VE-cadherin signalling, might lead to excess vascular permeability and endothelial dysfunction, leading in turn to enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular wall instability. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and endothelial dysfunction.