ATM and cytomegalovirus infection: Given the rapid formation of γH2AX foci and protein accumulation after HCMV infection (5 hpi; Figure 5A–B) and given that it has been previously reported that ectopic IE1 expression results in ATM autophosphorylation [8], we further examined the DDR associated with expression of IE gene products by monitoring the accumulation of γH2AX and p-ATM.