VEGFA and malignant glioma: In a phase II trial of metronomic etoposide and cyclophosphamide in combination with daily thalidomide and celecoxib in adults with recurrent malignant gliomas, there was minimal anti-tumour activity and there were no statistically significant differences between responders and non-responders in changes in serum or urine levels of bFGF or VEGF (Kesari et al, 2007).