Studies in cell culture models and transgenic models of Down syndrome that overexpress DYRK1A implicate the DYRK1A kinase in the generation of both amyloid and tau pathologies associated with the early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) that is uniformly observed in Down Syndrome [3], [4], [5], [6]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.