TP53 and renal cell carcinoma: This DNA damage- and MDM2-independent effect of quinacrine in activating wild-type p53 in a diverse set of cell lines was supported by Gurova et al. when they found that quinacrine activates p53 in renal cell carcinomas, non-small cell lung carcinoma, colon and breast carcinomas, prostate adenocarcinomas, and fibrosarcomas [250].