The presence of cagA as a biomarker for cag PAI and gastric colonization with cagA+ strains associated with gastrointestinal diseases has been documented by PCR in isolated bacterial DNA and has also been detected by hybridization in situ from biopsies or by microarray hybridization [4,5,10-12,14-16,24,25]. Here, S100A8 is linked to gastrointestinal disease.