Choke berry (Aronia melanocarpa) juice (200 mls) given to subjects with type 2 diabetes (200 ml/day for 3 months) reduced fasting glucose levels (13.3 ± 4.5 to 9.1 ± 3.0 mmol/l) and hemoglobin (Hb)A1c levels (9.3 ± 2.2 to 7.5 ± 1.3) compared to baseline (both p < 0.001)[21]. The gene discussed is GSTM1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.