INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The study of Ong et al. [14] is the first to analyse and associate a promoter polymorphism with T2DM related traits and also the first to construct haplotypes at the UTS2 gene region; they found that carriers of the three-loci haplotype GGT made up of −605G, 143G and 3836T had higher plasma levels of UII, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR and pancreatic β-cell function estimated as HOMA-β%.