In apolipoprotein E-deficient (apo E-/-) mice, A-FABP deficiency reduced early foam cell formation greatly, and provided remarkable protection against atherosclerosis with significant reductions in mean atherosclerotic lesion area on a chow diet or a western diet independent of the effects of A-FABP on insulin resistance and plasma lipids [7], [8]. Here, APOE is linked to atherosclerosis.