As shown in Figure 1(a) leptin levels were higher in all PCOS groups, the higher values being found in IR patients (median: 16.30 pg/mL; min-max range: 3.6–120.00; P <  .05) on comparison of single groups to controls (median: 10.30 pg/mL; min-max range: 4.00–59.81), thus displaying a trend similar to that observed for BMI (Figure 1(b)). Here, LEP is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.