There is some evidence for this in pancreatic carcinogenesis too from molecular epidemiological studies: the presence of XRCC2 Arg188His polymorphism modulates risk for pancreatic cancer amongst smokers [39]; XPD gene polymorphisms—exon 10 Asp(312)Asn and exon 23 Lys(751)Gln polymorphisms—influence risk for smoking associated adenocarcinoma of the pancreas [40]; XRCC1 399Gln allele determines susceptibility to smoking induced pancreatic cancer [41]; deletion polymorphism in GSTT1 is associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas amongst Caucasians [42]. Here, XRCC1 is linked to pancreatic adenocarcinoma.