The open-label randomized, controlled, clinical trial enrolling 1432 patients with anemia (all with Hb below 11 g/dL at enrollment, and naïve to ESAs) and CKD III-IV (GFR between 15–50 mL/minute/1.73 m2) compared cardiovascular and renal outcomes for two groups randomized to receive Epoetin Alfa to achieve mean Hbs of 11.3 g/dL (N = 717) versus 13.5 g/dL (N = 715). Here, GSTM1 is linked to anemia (phenotype).