These resultsdemonstrate that apoptosis can occur in Yp-YopJKIM -infectedmacrophages in the absence of NLRP3, NLRC4 or ASC, consistent with our previousdata showing that macrophage apoptosis during Yp-YopJKIM infection isindependent of caspase-1 [8]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is infection.